Analysis of the Professional Aspects of Medical Drugs Industry in the Republic of Serbia in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic

The research subject of this paper is the analysis of the attitudes of employees in pharmaceutical companies towards the business aspects of the pharmaceutical industry during and after the end of the pandemic in the Republic of Serbia. The aim is to examine the differences in the attitudes of employees, as well as to determine which variables predict the situations of endangering the professional reputation of pharmaceutical companies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted by means of a survey during 2021 on a sample of 27 innovative and generic pharmaceutical companies. We used the SPSS program for descriptive statistics analysis, chi square test and binary logistic regression models. The findings show that there is a statistically significant difference in the expressed attitudes of employees in innovative and generic pharmaceutical companies in terms of coming to the office during the pandemic;the lack of medicines and medical devices used in the treatment of COVID-19 infections;the patient access to a chosen doctor;the expectations of the employees to continue working from home after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of the binary regression models show the slowdown in the supply chain, the access to doctors and working from the home office have not been perceived as creating situations of endangering professional reputations, that is, they contribute to the sustainable economic success. On the other hand, the introduction of digital technologies decreases the occurrence of conditions in which their professional reputation has been threatened.

Studying the Impact of Administrative Empowerment As a Mediating Variable in the Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Administrative Creativity: A Field Study in the Jordanian Pharmaceutical Companies in Light of Covid - 19

Managerial creativity enhances the distinction of any organization compared to other organizations due to its ability to find suitable solutions for the problems facing the organization and due to its ability to improve new products and services or through improving working methods or styles in it. Therefore, this topic has occupied a large area of interest in literature review. However, there are some aspects which are still ambiguous about the impact of each of the organizational commitment and administrative empowerment on one hand and administrative creativity on the other hand, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic which the world is suffering from nowadays. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the impact of organizational commitment, with its various dimensions, on administrative creativity within the Jordanian pharmaceutical companies with the existence of administrative empowerment as a mediating variable. Data of the study was collected using a simple random sample which consisted of (201) employees working in the Jordanian pharmaceutical companies. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was conducted using AMOS.20. The study found that there are strong correlation relationships between most of the study variables in addition to the existence of a significant impact of administrative empowerment on administrative creativity as a dependent variable. The (direct and indirect) results of the total impact analysis revealed that there is an impact of all dimensions of organizational commitment on administrative creativity with the existence of administrative empowerment as a mediating variable. Based on these results, the study recommended that Jordanian pharmaceutical companies conduct workshops, seminars and training programs to teach their employees the importance of organizational commitment and occupational empowerment and their role in enhancing administrative creativity. In addition, the investigated companies need to pay attention to involving their employees in setting goals, formulating policies and programs, participating in decision-making processes and spreading a culture of teamwork by providing incentives of various kinds, which contributes to enhancing the levels of organizational commitment and administrative creativity alike, especially in light of Covid-19 pandemic. © 2023 DSR Publishers/The University of Jordan. All Rights Reserved.

Intellectual property rights in outer space: How can pharmaceutical companies protect COVID-19 vaccine and immunotherapy developments aboard the ISS US national laboratory?

Believing that space pharmaceuticals might be the key to winning the battle against COVID-19, global pharmaceutical companies such as AstraZeneca and Sanofi Pasteur are currently collaborating with the International Space Station National Laboratory (ISS-NL) on research projects aiming to develop vaccine-and-immunotherapy products. The present legal regime for outer space, however, does not provide clear guidelines on safeguarding intellectual property rights (IPRs), due to the difficulties of reconciling the territorial nature of patent law and the nonterritorial nature of space law. Responding to such a legal gap, this research paper argues how pharmaceutical companies can protect such medical innovations by taking into consideration the international principles of space law addressing IPRs and extraterrestrial jurisdiction, as well as the legal regime of the ISS-NL. With the exception of the possibility of the barriers between the two areas of law not being insurmountable, the proposed COVID-19 TRIPS Waiver furthermore impacts space pharmaceuticals' IPRs and commercialization, which leads to the identification of some advantageous forms of agreements, including the Joint Endeavor Agreement, the Space Act Agreement, as well as the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, for pharmaceutical companies defined as agreement partners with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Hungary in the Global Pharmaceutical Market: Cooperation Trends with Russia

The pharmaceutical industry is a strategically important area of the global economy. It is one of the most innovative and dynamically developing sectors. In addition, this industry can be considered highly profitable, its role has especially increased due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The crisis has affected all sectors of the economy, with the pharmaceutical industry being one of the least affected. In 2020, global exports of pharmaceuticals increased by 9.5% compared to 2019, reaching 704 billion USD in 2020. This publication discusses the position of Hungary in the global pharmaceutical market with the focus on the trade relations with Russia. For the Hungarian economy, the pharmaceutical industry is one of the traditional and most innovative sectors. Thus, Hungary is an attractive country for the development and expansion of Russia's trade relations in the global pharmaceutical market. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Pedestrians as Priority

In this article author focuses on perspective and context on various international pharmacopoeias and regulatory requirements, monographs, reference standards, and protocols.

Crossing the Same River Multiple Times: Cautiously setting aside pandemic practices, pharma workers appear ready for flux, change, evolution, and expanding molecular diversity

The article presents results of an employment survey on trends and the state of the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry in 2022. Findings reveal COVID-19 measures that are important to daily operations, stagnation of wage growth and decline in overall salary satisfaction, job security changes and drop in job satisfaction, and business concerns including corporate performance and industry growth.

Crossing the Same River Multiple Times: Cautiously setting aside pandemic practices, pharma workers appear ready for flux, change, evolution, and expanding molecular diversity

The article reports that the survey assesses various employment metrics, thoughts on ongoing trends and predictions for the future of the industry. Topics include examines the intent is to not only create a snapshot of the bio/pharma industry as it exists in 2022, but to also encapsulate the thoughts and feelings of those within.

Inhalation Vaccine Development: Inhaled vaccines must resist degradation and penetrate the mucosal lining in the airways and lungs

The article offers update on inhalation vaccine development. Topics discussed are advantages and challenges of administering inhalation vaccines, powder and liquid formulations of inhalation vaccines, psychochemical attributes of vaccine actives essential for successful inhalation delivery, importance of the development of optimized vaccine/device combination, regulatory hurdles to inhalation vaccine development, and other inhaled COVID-19 vaccines in development such as peptide vaccines.

Vaccine Surpluses Drive Acrimonious European Debates

The article discusses the European Union (EU) health council meeting held in December 2022 regarding the strategy to deal with surplus vaccines in the EU over the last two years to counter the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the EU's series of contracts with pharmaceutical firms including Pfizer/BioNTech for the supply of COVID vaccines till 2024. Vlastimil Vále, Czech deputy prime minister and minister of health, comments on the need to amend the contracts to suspend vaccine supplies.

Cost-Volume-Profit Relationships and the Concept of Sales Mix in Pharmaceutical Companies

The development of profits generated by the company illustrates the company's success in carrying out operational activities and becomes a measuring tool for investors in making decisions. The purpose of this study is to determine the Cost-Volume-Profit Relationship and Sales Mix Concept in Pharmaceutical Companies in Indonesia. CVP analysis examines the behavior of total revenue, total cost, and operating profit as changes that occur in units sold, selling price, variable costs per unit, or fixed costs, and sales mix is the relative proportions in which a company's products are sold. Different products have different selling prices, cost structures, and contribution margins. To analyze fairness, disclosure, and future trends in accounting for Pharmaceutical Companies, a qualitative descriptive approach was chosen. The fundamental characteristic of the qualitative descriptive method is the use of naturalistic data or non-numeric data without variable intervention. Descriptive approach is also known as case study research, which involves studying a particular situation to find out whether a general theory can emerge from the research, or whether an existing theory emerges from a particular situation. The profit target has shrunk sharply when compared to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Evaluation Of TLR-4 Level Among Pfizer/Biontech Vaccinated People

Background: Over 221 million illnesses and over 4.6 million fatalities caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were confirmed as of September 2021, according to the WHO. Accelerated vaccine development initiatives and widespread immunization campaigns were implemented to address the enormous morbidity and death load. The most reliable approach to stop the spread of infectious illnesses is through vaccination. Methods: The study had eighty-one (81) participants ranging from 18 to 66 years old who were recently injected with COVID-19 mRNA Pfizer/BioNTech [BNT162b2] vaccines. They received two vaccine doses of 30 ug, 0.3 ml_ injections twenty-one (21) days apart. Before the first vaccination, blood samples were collected. This procedure was repeated on days 7-10 following the first immunization, and on 7-10 days following the second dosage. All samples were tested for TLR-4 using a High Sensitivity Human ELISA Kit (Elabscience/United State). Results: TLR-4 levels did not significantly rise in any of the groups. Conclusions: The elevated TLR-4, was not significantly rise in any of the studied groups of our study. Further clinical studies are needs to understand the role of other immunological factors in safety of COVID-19 vaccines.

Evaluation of Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium level in Pfizer-BioNTech vaccinated Iraq's people

locale: The huge enlarge of the Coronavirus is one of the dangers facing the earth at the initiate time, which causes respiratory disorders. This new nimbus Virus is transmitted from individual nature to anyone and has caused foremost deaths in broad, which has led to the determination of the potent disease. This authenticity of the Disease varies same a large amount from individual creature to parcel. Forcing scientists to include on inspect to discover a vaccine for this disease in in christen to inspection and boundary the stretch of the disease. This evaluation was ponder to bang upon out whether at this thrust are corner not public estate on vaccinated satisfy who routine covid-19 vaccine or not by measuring the body's vim by sphere-shaped about of biochemical tests. Subjects: 75 people between women and men aged(17-68 years)were enrolled in this dissect .Several biochemical tests were performed on them before compelling the vaccine,a week to10 continuation after the chief dose, and a week to 10 life after the second dose of covid-19 vaccine. RESULTS: apiece and everyone subjects in this make inquiries customary the Pfizer-Bio N Tech vaccine and no end corner goods were feasible in subjects vaccinated during the examination manuscript period. Conclusions: From the argue of the contemporary study, at this point were no abnormal biochemical markers, increased, or changes in imperative departed functions after individual rewarded the Pfizer vaccine.

New interaction modalities between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians.

Due to sanitary restrictions secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic, various interactions between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians have changed. One of them has been the method for promoting medicinal products through academic meetings around diseases of financial interest. A recent modality has been unilateral promotion by the pharmaceutical industry through academic events with the invitation of so-called "experts" for the promotion of a specific drug. These meetings are often biased not towards optimal care of a disease, but rather towards commercial promotion of a specific drug, which may or may not be the best option, without considering associated therapeutic alternatives. The Committee of Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship, of the National Academy of Medicine, analyzes this new circumstance and proposes some considerations to the medical community.

Debido a las restricciones sanitarias secundarias a la pandemia de COVID-19, diversas interacciones entre la industria farmacéutica y los médicos cambiaron. Una de ellas ha sido el método promocional de medicamentos a través de reuniones académicas en torno a padecimientos de interés financiero. Una modalidad reciente ha sido la promoción unilateral de un fármaco determinado por parte de la industria farmacéutica por medio de eventos académicos con la invitación de aparentes "expertos". Estas reuniones frecuentemente están sesgadas no hacia la atención óptima de un padecimiento, sino a la promoción comercial de un medicamento específico que pudiera o no ser la mejor opción o sin la consideración de alternativas terapéuticas asociadas. El Comité de Ética y Transparencia en la Relación Médico-Industria, de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de México, analiza esta nueva circunstancia y propone algunas consideraciones a la comunidad médica.

Big Data Management Activities for Sustainable Business Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the Indian Pharmaceutical Sector

Grounded on resource-based view and dynamic capability perspectives, this research aims to explore linkages between the firm's big data management activities (BDMA), green manufacturing (GM) practices, and sustainable business performance (SBP). The research model was empirically evaluated using data collected from 248 pharmaceutical manufacturers in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis was performed using a covariance-based structural equation modeling using AMOS 20. The results indicate that GM activities impact SBP directly. Further results imply the mediating role of GM practices on the relationship between BDMA and SBP. The analysis reveals that senior management's resource commitment in pharmaceutical firms is a moderating mechanism in strengthening the association between BDMA and GM practices. This study is significant as it provides key theoretical and managerial implications for pharmaceutical sectors during emergent situations.

The acquisition of vaccines against COVID-19 by Colombia: between confidentiality and lack of transparency

Through an interpretation method based on the documentary review, the article criticizes the impossibility of carrying out timely surveillance of the negotiation process of the Colombian Government with pharmaceutical companies to acquire COVID-19 vaccines, thereby It gave priority to confidentiality as a free market prerogative over the principle of transparency as a state authority through the application of timely and adequate surveillance. First, an analysis is made of the decrees that grant extraordinary powers to the President of the Republic and the jurisprudential provisions of the high courts. Then, the normative foundation of the principle of transparency is proposed as the guiding principle of state contracting. There is also a contrast between the possibility of imposing confidentiality clauses, typical of private contracting, with the requirement to exercise vigilance as a guarantee of transparency in negotiations involving public finances. Finally, by highlighting the tension between the free market and fundamental rights, a reflection is made regarding the deficit in safeguarding the right to health due to the lack of timely surveillance that, because the principle of transparency is subordinated to confidentiality, it leaves open the possibility of a crisis of legitimacy, credibility and trust in the State. © 2021 Centro Universitario de Brasilia. All rights reserved.

Drug manufacturers reap $6.7 billion in provider relief funding, leaving no aid allotted for the latest surges

The article reports on the Biden administration used nearly $7 billion from the Provider Relief Fund to pay drug manufacturers for COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics during the second half of 2021, according to a report by STAT.

Pharmaceutical Industry's Engagement in the Global Equitable Distribution of COVID-19 Vaccines: Corporate Social Responsibility of EUL Vaccine Developers.

(1) Objectives: Inequality in the global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines has brought about great challenges in terms of resolving the pandemic. Although vaccine manufacturers are undoubtedly some of the most influential players, studies on their role in global vaccine distribution have been scarce. This study examined whether the pharmaceutical industry is acting according to the principles of corporate social responsibility (CSR) during the pandemic. (2) Methods: Three categories were used to analyze the CSR of vaccine developers. The first was research and development: effectiveness, funding, and profits were measured. The second was transparency and accountability: the transparency of clinical trials and vaccine contracts was analyzed. The final was vaccine delivery: the status of the provision of vaccines to COVAX and lower-income countries, intellectual property management, manufacturing agreements, and equitable pricing were measured. (3) Results: Vaccine developers have acquired large profits. The vaccine delivery category faces the most challenges. Participation of pharmaceutical companies through COVAX was significantly low, and most vaccine supply agreements were secretive, bilateral deals. It was not clear if companies were maintaining equitable pricing. The evaluation indicated that the companies' CSR practices have differed during the pandemic. (4) Conclusions: Our study contributes to the methodology of assessing the CSR of vaccine developers. This would help understand the current COVID-19 vaccine distribution inequality and propose that pharmaceutical companies re-examine their roles and social responsibilities.

Vaccine Development against COVID-19: Study from Pre-Clinical Phases to Clinical Trials and Global Use.

As per the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 288 vaccines against COVID-19 are being developed, with an estimated 184 being presently investigated in the pre-clinical phases, while 104 of these vaccine candidates are at various stages of clinical trials. Twelve of these are in the advanced stages of clinical investigation, and promising results in the phase 3 trials have already paved the way for their regulatory approval and subsequent dissemination for global use. Preliminary and interim results of some of these candidate vaccines are being analyzed for public dissemination. Some of these vaccines have already been rolled out to immunize not only the highest risk individuals but also the general population in several countries. Once their safety and efficacy are established, the next limiting step would be their mass manufacturing by the pharmaceutical companies to fulfill the global demand. The challenge of manufacturing billions of doses of high-quality vaccines is under-appreciated at the moment. A massive vaccination drive would be needed to protect people of all ages. The timely and coordinated execution of the vaccination effort would require unprecedented coordination at the national and international levels for generating funds to purchase the required doses of vaccines, fair distribution of doses and managing the mechanics of delivering vaccines throughout the world.